Stepper Motor Driver Ic L297 Circuit

The L297 Stepper Motor Controller IC generates four phase drive signals for two phase bipolar and four phase unipolar step motors in microcontroller controlled applications. The motor can be driven in half step, normal and full wave drive modes and on-chip PWM chopper circuits permit switch-mode control of the current in the windings. A feature of this device is that it requires only clock, direction and mode input signals.

The L297/A/D Stepper Motor Controller IC gener-ates fourphasedrive signals fortwo phasebipolar and four phase unipolarstep motors in microcom-puter-controlled applications. The motor can be driven in half step, normal and wawe drive modes and on-chip PWM chopper circuits permit switch-mode control of the current in the windings. A August 1996.

Since the phase are generated internally the burden on the microprocessor, and the programmer, is greatly reduced. The L297 can be used with monolithic bridge drives such as the L298N or L293, or with discrete transistors and darlingtons. Documentation [].

This is a follow up to the Once you get the machine all put together its time to make it go. So it's time to drive the motors. And here I've put together a circuit that I think is the absolute cheapest and easiest way to control stepper motors with step and direction signals.

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It works with many of the free or low cost softwares that produce step and direction signals through the parallel printer port. I'll explain how it works but for those of you who just want to get on with it. But I would suggest for those of you who are unfamiliar with circuits to do it on a bread board (see pictures). This way you can easly correct any mistakes and try different things.

This schematic is just to control one motor so for the milling machine you need 3 of these circuits and 3 motors. From Left to right and top to bottom. I try to draw schematics so that positive voltages are toward the top and ground or negative volge is toward the bottom. Inputs are to the left and outputs to the right.

Fist off the voltage that you are going to use to run the motor needs to be stepped down and regulated for the logic chips. I used a 6.2 volt Zener to do this because it's low enought for the logic chips to receive the signals from your printer port and high enough for the outputs to drive many of the standard power FETs, so you may not have to use logic FETs like the schematic shows. So the resistor R1 drops the voltage, the Zener diode regulates it to 6.2 volts and the capacitor C1 filters out any noise from the motor, and this voltage powers the two IC's. The first IC (CD4516) is called an up/down counter.

One signal from the printer port will tell the counter if it will count up or down and the other signal, called step, will increment or decrement the counter by one count. Now were only going to use two outputs from the counter Q1 and Q2. With this binary counting method there are only 4 combinations of output from the counter: 00, 01, 10, and 11. These lines are fed to the A and B inputs of the other IC (CD4028) which decodes these combinations to 4 seprate outputs. I did a trick here using the C input to work as an Enable input.

If the Enable(optional) is connected to the parallel port and the computor tells it to shut off all of the outputs to the FETs will go low(Off). So the four outputs of the decoder drive the FET transistors and the FETs drive the four poles of the motor. Now everybody wants to know what the light bulb is for. Its not so much whether you use a bulb or a resistor, its that a bulb comes with a socket. You can get these wedge base light bulbs from 1 watt to 20 watts. Microsoft word has stopped working fix. Start with may be a 4 watt bulb and if you find you need a little more beef you just pull it out and put in a 10 watt bulb. It's really handy.

Driver

And I found it's good to have some voltage drop there as kind of a ballast for the motor windings. The diodes catch some of the current that comes out of the motor each time the FET transistors turn off. The diode feeds this current back to the supply.

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